Making Spaces/Proximities : Navigating theory and redundancy.

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Studio Spaces.

A Scriptorium, a space within the wall.

St Jerome at his study.

Making Spaces/Proximities : Navigating theory and redundancy.

INTIMUS

Interior Design Theory Reader.

Julieanna Preston.

Mark Taylor.

Declaring a field of inquiry that lies beyond disciplinary boundaries of design and architecture, all of the texts included in this reader establish generative and active exploration of interior design as a practice informed by the intellectual scholarship surrounding its cultural production and creative practice. They are not foundational in that they do not recognise or declare an originary state or propose any fundamental canon. Collected in order to catalyse creative associations within this operational field, the texts in this volume are presented via an organisational strategy that refuses both chronologic and thematic structure.

Essentially they present a connectivity to do with inhabitation and spatial presence as outlined in the examples above that is at once distant, by discipline, and intimate, by content.

Proximities/On interior theory related to the specifics of inhabitation and bodily presence.

What is being teased out hear is a multifaceted dialogue between that which is theoretical in nature, abstract, knowledge-based and immaterial and that which is grounded, physical, phenomenal and concrete. Not wishing to pull these apart, but rather to encourage convergence, this book identifies a territory of emerging points that collectively register connections of understanding with reference to a field tentatively named as the theoretical domain of interior design.

This conception forms a working method for searching and organising texts, and for mapping their locations as a relational matrix. Described in other theoretical discourse as rhizomatic, networked or diagrammatic, matrices foster the formation of connections among notions as opposed to defining or creating singular isolated entities.

However, one image in particular harboured virtual potentials pertinent to our inquiry.

Within the pages of Emily Post's book 'The Personality of a House' is a photographic plate attributed to New York architect William Laurence Bottomley. This seemingly unassuming image gently frames the prevailing issues, topics and texts in this volume. 

The doors reveal a space between the opaque panelling, a space within the wall occupied by a small vanity or dressing-table. Another mirror backs the niche which doubles the light, and the ruffles and tassels of swagged curtains are softly gathered at the boundary of this closet and cloister. The room seems to be dressed in parity to the self-reflective body that inhabits it. And yet, it is a private space,  a space for one, a space for an individual.

The mirrors reflect very little of the greater surroundings, but the scale of the panelling and the floor-to-ceiling height help to extrapolate that this secret space occurs as an informality among the far more social and self conscious home atmosphere.

How might this 'Perfect Example of Dressing-Table hidden behind panelling when not in use' be physically, socially and theoretically constructed? How are the intricate details of curved timber work on the doors and stool indicative of current and historical values of ornament, surface, gender and politics? While the doors mask the presence of the dressing-table, the mirrored interior expands infinitely. What appears as a small enclosure is a mode of liberation. What one might assume to be self-indulgent or decadent decoration may be found to be a sign of self-expression.

While the architectural room is wrapped with abstract notions of time and space, this small alcove inhabits its periphery as a pocket where body is central, maybe even fluid, and space is temporal, perhaps even subjective. 

The archive of discursive fields of inquiry.

Navigating theory and redundancy.

On a theoretical praxis, a matrix for gathering material from the archive.

The matrix is intended to be used as a surveying instrument and ordering device with the purpose to catalyse cross- and inter-disciplinary insights.

A matrix or diagram mediates between the virtual potentials generated by the data ( the field of essays/excerpts) and the actual book. The matrix is to some extent graphic shorthand used to declare latent structures of organisation. The diagram is also generative, and can be used to order possible readings.

Seeking theory informative to interior design/spatial practices by trusting that through the act of searching various sources/databases/resources a range of associations and connections would verify an emergent practice. Such associations are fuelled by the abstract and diagrammatic quality of an organising tactical matrix in its flexibility to seek casual and coincidental links among related and sometimes assumed disparate disciplines. By looking for correspondences between seemingly unrelated research and practice, and by moving laterally between existing systems and categories, not in a haphazard manner but through productive leaps generated by rules that had consequential and significant outcomes. This process enabled the gathering of material from several disciplines when the linear historical model seemed inapplicable, and thematic structures too constraining.

Coupled with its ability to engage the complexity of the real, the matrix assists in making sense of the found texts and their potential reformations. Conceptually, such order is not made towards the specificity or hegemony of a discipline, but rather to turn outwards and mobilize forces of action and imagination between matter and information.

Pragmatically, the matrix positions each text relative to a disciplinary body of knowledge (social, political,philosophical, technological, gender and psychological) and then relative to prominent interior design/spatial practice issues (material, colour, light, space, decoration and furnishing). Within this methodology an interpretive role is played in ordering these texts and the multiple locations in which each text could be placed.

Producing an interdisciplinary database search using terms typically associated with interior design as a decorative craft, an architectural speciality, a spatial art or a physical articulation of social interaction located essays framed by a wide range of types of theory, genres of writing and sources of textual discourse.

Many of the researched essays did not declare that they are concerned with 'interior theory', but instead they either operated critically on spaces, places and inhabitation of the built environment's interiors, or offered observations and abstractions of use and inhabitation that engender a criticality in this collection of texts. To include this material raises questions of what constitutes theory, and how theory relates to the critical study of the interior.

Thresholds of experiential concern.

Architectural Body/Transactive Memory.

The reclamation of theory, other spaces, further sites for production and inquiry. 

In their book 'Intersections : Architectural Histories and Critical Theories', Iain Borden and Jane Rendell outline nine epistemological tendencies on which theory is constituted within critical discourse. Rather than champion a narrow definition or description, their categories are expansive and inclusive, and when considered relative to the scope of our inquiry assist in substantiating numerous items that would normally fall outside the limits of architectural or design theory, most notably some that take the form of turn-of-the-century advice literature or historical analysis of a place or activity.

Of particular interest are those texts that are observational in nature or assert new paradigms of dwelling in light of technology. In most cases, selection of such texts proved a matter of locating the speculative mode of inquiry within the written work, registering the inferences and extending them as conduits to other contemporary works or notions. In other cases, it became an exercise in dwelling in the period, revelling in the details specific to when the text was written and recognising that theory and critical history have been defined and couched differently across time.

For if theory is conditioned by inquiries and speculation about what occurs between events, situations, objects and actions, then the method of inquiry or the analytical device employed is of primary concern.  

Art Works/Spatial Relations.

Beyond the formal values/qualities of drawing.

Figuration and the spatial inter-personal concerns of/found in drawing.

Extending the body in drawing.

Jenny Saville.

Cecily Brown.

Manuel Neri.

David Smith.

Atmospheres/Light.

The Flame of a Candle.

Charcoal, Alternative Photography.

Gaston Bachelard. 

CLAY.

Mythical city of Orion. 

Speculative retreats/Tarkovsky/Krishnamurti/Hannsjorg Voth.

Making for life on the hospitality of the body.

The architectural body and the body in care.

INTERIOR SURFACES.

Photographic Exhibition/Retrospective.

Desiring into the pathology of the image.

Breaking into corporeal and subjective spaces.

Erasures/temporalities within the materiality of photographic sensations and their memories.

Sensing Spaces/Creative Imagining : Making through emergent/speculative practices

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Vitamin D

New Perspectives in Drawing.

The Spell Of The Sensuous

David Abram.

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Clay Nests/Alloplastic/Malleable/Reciprocal.

Environment/Self.

Spatial Boundaries : Cell/Court/Domain

To experience the poetics of a space through the 'poetic image' that is itself about the function of inhabiting.

INTIMUS.

Interior Design Theory Reader. 2006

Developing architectural practice through a phenomenologically rich creative discourse, that lies in their capacity to create 'images' rather than in their 'prudence' as actualisable architectural works.

Notes on Digital Nesting : A Poetics of Evolutionary Form.

Mark Goulthorpe.

Drawing on/Dwelling in the poetics of 'nesting'

Bachelard's chapter on Nests seems to articulate forms that were predigitally imaginary but which now merit consideration in their actuality by architects. He muses on the nest as an intricate imprint of the inhabiting body, adjusted continually as a soft cocoon that outlines the aura of movement of the bird's rounded breast. This raises the spectre of an environment adapting to our bodies and continually recalibrating to suit the vulnerability of our relation to the environment. 

For Bachelard, the mesmeric geometries of shells, their outer appearance, actually defeat the imagination: the created object itself is highly intelligible; it is the formation, not the form, that remains mysterious. The essential force of a shell being that it is exuded from within, the secretion of an organism; it is not fabricated from without as an idealised form. The shell is left in the air blindly as a trace of a convulsive absence, the smooth and lustrous internal carapace then exfoliating in its depth of exposure to the air, a temporal crustation.

Goulthorpe shares Bachelard's concern to interrogate the very manner of creative imagining, and is eager to implicate the felicity of Bachelard's thought into an emergent digital praxis. 

It is the processual capacity of a digital medium that is its most compelling attribute.

The poetic reverie of form generated by inner logic, by generating 'images' from internal and poetic imagination rather than through fabrication of an idealised external form. The implication for the interior when considered as an 'implosion,' a force of egress trapped in form, is a malleable relationship between self and environment in which 'forms of absence' indicate the function of inhabitation. Critically, Goulthorpe projects a dream of imagination enhanced and actualised by digital generation that uncovers the need to address an 'image' adequate for inhabitation of a displaced spatial sense.

An Evolutionary Architecture.

John Frazer. 1995

Ceramics+Space+Life

Gate/Wall/Pavilion/Object.

Clay as a material of creative 'implosions,' matter that gathers up, and becomes a force of egress that is made malleable/reciprocal into ceramic forms. 

Sensing Spaces.

The Life Class.

Drawing : Lines of Seeing/Lines of Looking

Intimus/Spatial Practices : Drawing, Body Specificity, Space-Time, Place.

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The Dematerialized Space of the Image.

Drawing does not proceed from the object of perception, because the drawing 'itself' is desperate to keep hold of an absence – it all began with a silhouette of a shadow – on the wall.

The act of drawing dismantles consciousness and plunges the self into a zone of sensation and experience. No longer expressing the history and intentions of a subject, or the closures of representation. The work/drawing becomes thought that thinks itself through the material. 

What drawing produces/proposes is a confrontation with the real of experience, prior to signification or the subject. It induces a 'sense'/'feeling' that stands in critical and often destructive relation to pre-existing codes of visual language or modes of interpretation.

To draw becomes to embody and manifest movement, which is neither the rhetoric of motion nor a parody of eros, but rather that what keeps the imaginary in the state of possibility and allows it to be both diachronic and synchronic, markings in times feeling.

In drawing there is no distinction between inside and outside. 

In drawing we are no longer in the realms of distinctions.

There is no inside-out and vice-versa, because the threshold and its distinction was never passed.

The harmony of marks touches body and matter. Harmony determines transparency; it maintains the  metonymic character of desire because it temporarily annuls the distinction between imaginary and image, between the labyrinth and elaboration. The imaginary keeps its own status of impalpability and moves in the interstitial where it loses the confines of here and now, inside and outside. 

Stella Santacatterina.

Drawing into a corporeal sense of place.

Marks in 'times' feeling.

An image that adequately expresses both the efficacy and the temporiness of the phenomenon joining a diffuse invisible flow of energy that wends its way ceaselessly through the world, animating it as it goes.

Vital Nourishment.

Departing from Happiness.

Francois Jullien.

Nonsense drawing is about remaining in the simplicity of our origins, free from concepts and representations that veil things. The nonsense drawing is becoming thought.

Inside This Clay Jug.

Jackie Leven.

A vessel that still contains a quantum of energy.

The Egyptian Pot.

Hans Coper.

Samsara, a beauty fed on emptiness.

Sadhana, bearing the difficulties of existence.

Butades on loss, her lyrical and indexical inscription.

The awakening of inert objects (a table, a forest, a person that plays a certain role in the environment) which, emerging from their stability, transform the place where they lay motionless into the foreignness of their own space. 

Stories thus carry out a labour that constantly transforms places into spaces or spaces into places. 

They also organize the play of changing relationships between places and spaces.

A place is thus an instantaneous configuration of positions. It implies an indication of stability.

The Practice of Everyday Life. 

Michel de Certeau. 1984  

Drawing as actualizations of spaces, a spatializing frenzy of inscriptions becoming a textual place.

Drawings on narrative actions that organize feeling and their perspectives determined by a phenomenology of existing in the world; producing a graphic of actions and findings that are indicative to a situated body within the space of a practiced place.

INTIMUS.

Interior Design Theory Reader.

Drawing On Body Specificity/Space-Time/Place

What is explored as distinct spatial experiences, how is text narration explored as a negotiator between that which is seen, mapped and stable, and that which is experienced, toured and individuated.

Species of Spaces and Other Pieces.

Georges Perec. 1999.

The Apartment.

Georges Perec, renowned for his literary work, takes time to question the banal and mundane activities occurring in the spaces of our inhabitation. In 'The Apartment' he discloses the ordinariness of space when considered alongside functionality of room requirements, particularly when mapped through a slice of time. Against this method of narration, Perec proposes several other spatial layouts generated by either functional relationships between rooms, or the functioning of senses, or days of the week, or thematic arrangements.

Every apartment consists of a variable, but finite, number of rooms.

Each room has a particular function.

It would seem difficult, or rather it would seem derisory, to question these self-evident facts. Apartments are built by architects who have very precise ideas of what an entrance-hall, a sitting-room (living-room, reception room), a parents' bedroom, a child's room, a maid's room, a box-room, a kitchen, and a bathroom ought to be like.

It's not hard to imagine an apartment whose layout would depend, no longer on the activities of the day, but on functional relationships between the rooms. It takes a little more imagination no doubt to picture an apartment whose layout was based on the functioning of the senses.

In sum, a room is a fairly malleable space.

I don't know, and don't want to know, where functionality begins or ends. It seems to me in any case, that in the ideal dividing-up of today's apartments functionality functions in accordance with a procedure that is unequivocal, sequential and nycthemeral. The activities of the day correspond to slices of time, and to each slice of time there corresponds one room  of the apartment.

Inside Fear : Secret Places and Hidden Spaces in Dwellings.

Anne Troutman.

I do not believe the house is a safe place. For me, it is a collision of dream, nightmare, and circumstance, a portrait of the inner life. The primal shelter is also the site of primal fears. Its interiors are a map of the conscious and unconscious, with conscious securities and insecurities visible in the main rooms, and unconscious ones lurking in smaller, peripheral spaces. There is danger in the house.

In this semi-autobiographical account of childhood spaces, Anne Troutman suggests that dwelling holds an intimate, mirror-like relationship so that we dwell in the home and the home dwells in us. This Freudian connection, dividing and connecting inner and outer selves, gathers hidden spaces with visible house, and cloaks the visual with other senses such as fear, terror, fright and anxiety. Discussed this way the storyteller's relived world is contingent on conscious and unconscious associations that redefine the interior through psychological space.

Intimus, Interior Design Theory Reader. Mark Taylor and Julieanne Preston.

Spatial Stories.

Spatial practices concern everyday tactics, they are part of them, from the alphabet of spatial indication, the beginning of a story  of which the rest is written by footsteps, to the daily news, to legends and myths. These narrative adventures, simultaneously producing geographies of actions and drifting into the commonplaces of an order, do not merely constitute a 'supplement' to pedestrian  enunciations and rhetorics. They are not satisfied with displacing  the latter and transposing them into a field of language. In reality, they organize walks. They make the journey, before or during the time the feet perform it.

Michel de Certeau.

Drawing Space/Discourses of The Body.

Enunciative Focalizations ( the indication of the body within discourse).

Markings, utterances and graphic gestures caught in the ambiguity of an actualization, transformed into a form dependent upon many different conventions, that are situated by the act of the present, (nowness) and modified by the translations/transformations caused by successive inscriptions and their contexts.  

Situated selves, of being situated by desire, indissociable from a direction of existence and implanted in the space of a landscape.

There are as many spaces as there are distinct spatial experiences, the perspectives of which are determined by a 'phenomenology' of existing in the world.

M Merleau-Ponty.

Michel de Certeau establishes 'Spatial Practice' as the proliferation of metaphors/spatial trajectories (stories that traverse and organize places, that link and select, that can make sentences and itineraries). He is interested in the role narrative plays in both reading and acting in space as a theatre of actions that accumulates meaning and relevance over and through time, and that spatial experiences are specific to each body, time and place.

A space exists when one takes into consideration vectors of direction, velocities, and time variables. Thus space is composed of intersections of mobile elements. It is in a sense actuated/performed by the ensemble of movements deployed within it. Space occurs as the effect produced by the operations that orient it, situate it, temporalize it, and make it function in a polyvalent unity of conflictual programs or contractual proximities. 

In short, space is a practiced place. Thus the street geometrically defined by urban planning is transformed into a space by walkers. In the same way , an act of reading is the space produced by the practice of a particular place: a written text, i.e., a place constituted by a system of signs.

Printed Drawing.

Figural markings and frottage on cyanotype surface.

Languages that inform on/and interrogate drawings.

DRAWING FORMAL ELEMENTS and vocabulary.

Found document, hand-out for students AS/A2 Brockwood Art Barn.

1. Format: portrait, landscape.

2. Scale and Proportion: Systems of measurement:

Calculating relative size by counting.

Outstretched pencil covered by thumb.

Linking up with markers suggested by other objects and intersecting lines within the environment.

3. Dynamic relationship: The straightness or curve of the central axis; relative angles of neck, limbs, to the rest of the body or surrounding furniture etc.

4. Composition and design: point of focus (close-up, distant view) featuring human figure in space. The whole sheet of paper must be owned - even where there are no marks, this is still part of the composition – positive and negative space.

5. Perspective: When drawing from life we translate what we see as 3D spatial relationships onto 2D picture plane. Recessional space or depth in a drawing is achieved through correct calculation of: Vanishing Points, Horizontal Line, Foreshortening, Volume.

6. Line quality: Outline is only used where a shadow is visible, very often not necessary.

7. Pattern: Mark making; repeated elements that contribute to the structure of the whole; organisation of the elements or parts, in the way that feathers are arranged in a bird's wing, or the leaves on branches of a tree.

8. Tonal values: Greyscale; highlight, shadow; colour of ground; distribution of weight in terms of light and darks.

9. Colour: Wet and dry media; combining complementary, secondary, tertiary relationships; also (as with tonal values) hues, tints and shades.

Helgate Proposal Review.

Anglian Potters.

Why clay?

How has clay shaped you?

Ceramics

Visual Fine Art.

Teaching in Art Education

Lightness/Thresholds of loss and of inside spaces constituted by darkness.

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Walking with Carlo Scarpa, Brion Cemetary.

Trust in the material and its 'spiritual incitement' that comes from the world.

The spatial dimension of this small building is a metaphor for the mental workings of meditation. The Pavilion is the place where we can enter the minds' empty space/stillness, where we can get away from all our passing concerns.

Thresholds, Carlo Scarpa/Ina Macaione.

Life Affirming Sentiments.

Light-Shade

Bitter-Sweet

Vital Nourishment.

Departing from Happiness.

Feeding the Body.

Feeding the Soul.

Francois Jullien

The Flame of a Candle.

Gaston Bachelard.

On the Loss of (Dark) Inside Space.

Constanze Kreiser.

Is inside space on the verge of disappearing? 

Is it being hindered by constantly improved light technology which is causing one of its fundamental qualities – darkness – to dissipate?

And for what reason?

Is it for the benefit or more outside space?

Or for the benefit of a new spatial quality?

Questioning the way increased use of artificial lighting affects interiors, architectural designer and installation artist Constanze Kreiser opens a philosophical examination of the mediating effect of light. She observes how an enclosure is gradually made lighter in the sense of weight and mass through the addition of openings that emit or filter light. Her polemic on lightness and darkness raises questions of how light measures time, space and inhabitation and the temporal rhythms of everyday existence. 

Light constitutes space in that it creates bright and dim zones, enabling the physical perception of a space.

Space does not originate with the construction of a building, but exists in the act of marking a small unit from an infinite quantity. It is exactly this process which is achieved by sunlight: that which it illuminates is outside, shadowed surfaces forming inside.

Depending on whether lightness or darkness dominates, inside space is a dark space by day and a light space at night. Thus inside space is dependent on light, it is in constant contrast to the prevailing light conditions. Inside space at night has, however, existed only as of the invention of artificial means of lighting – from pine-torches to light bulbs. By day, inside space floats like a dark island in a sea of light.

Bodies and Mirrors.

Ann C. Colley discusses the correlation between physical bodies and their surrounding, particularly  the space of nostalgia and recollection in Victorian literature. Working from the role memory plays in recalling our relationship to known environments. Her text through selected autobiographical accounts discusses the spaces of childhood through the invisible, aesthetic and ubiquitous body, and the proposal that the interior is not simply defined by objects within it, but by our movement and inhabitation around and among them.

Three distinct models of how the consciousness of one's physical being illuminates the interiors of home. John Ruskin text speaks of the invisible body, Walter Horatio Pater of the aesthetic body and Robert Louis Stevenson of the ubiquitous body.

They, Ruskin, Pater and Stevenson considered how their physical being had related to the walls and windows of childhood. Conscious of how this relation defines the sense of one's surroundings, they let their memories resuscitate the dialogue their bodies had once had with these interiors. They understood that it is the child's being that shapes and illuminates the interiors of home. Articles do not define interiors; bodies that move and feel their way among these objects do.

Intimus, Interior Design Theory Reader.

Their orientation anticipates those like Maurice Merleau-Ponty in The Primacy of Perception who argues that it is not through thought, absented from the body, that one knows one's surroundings, but through one's 'bodily situation' – that one is conscious through the body's position in space. This is taken further by twentieth- century architectural theorists such as Kent Bloomer, Charles Moore and Robert Yudell, who insist that one measures and orders the world from one's own body, and that the body is in 'constant dialogue' with the buildings surrounding it.

Body, Memory and Architecture. 

Drawing Inscriptions/Spaces/Breaths.

Remaining in the simplicity of our origins.

A Breathturn.

A flow of energy that wends its way ceaselessly through the world, animating it as it goes. 

Simple pots of simple thinkings/orderings and findings/feelings attained through the privilege/practice of the beginner's mind.

Sadhana, bearing the difficulties of existence.

Working Interiors for the making of the imagination.

Marking of a small subjective space from a infinite quality.

Ceramic Volumes/Vessels and Surfaces/Openings of Light and Dark.

On Drawing/Conversation.

Twombly/Artaud.

Corporeal Acts.

Documents and Sensation.

Images 'exist' in a domain of emotional and physical extremes.

.In drawing, acts of reading and perceiving are concurrent as a simultaneity of mental factors.

I am interested in the way the inter-connectedness between inscription and representation is 'grounded' in the primitive body. I an not speaking of the language of depiction and representation, but of what constitutes the mental energy of engagement, that is so evident in drawing. How the markers of an action translate the murmurings of the mind. For both drawer and viewer the mark and its imaginary space are encountered as a fact of existence as such it is the evidence of beingness, concerning those primitive, dark, and distant moments, etched in our psychic history that exist within the framework of the image that is now being invested in the work.

Avis Newman.

The Doctrine of Introversion.

The artist struggling to conform to the patterns of everyday existence. 

I can't respond to the society I live in.

David Sylvian.

Placidity.

Condemned to the eternal silence of processes.

Zhuangzi.

INTIMUS.

Mark Taylor, Julieanna Preston.

Matrix Key/Components, clockwise.

Practical Issues

The Field of Possibilities.

The Organizing Matrix.

Date of Publication.

Time Period Discussed.

Disciplinary Orientation.